Understanding Pelvic Organ Prolapse
This information is for general education only and is not medical advice. It cannot replace a diagnosis or treatment plan from a qualified healthcare provider who knows your history. Always talk with your own doctor about your symptoms and options.
Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the muscles and tissues supporting the pelvic organs weaken, causing one or more organs to drop or press into or out of the vagina. This can affect the bladder, uterus, rectum, or vaginal vault.
Prolapse is common, particularly after childbirth, with menopause, or with chronic straining. While not life-threatening, it can significantly impact quality of life. Many effective treatments are available, including minimally invasive surgical repair.
Do I have pelvic organ prolapse?
These conditions are often complex to diagnose and can look different in every patient. If several of these feel familiar, it's worth talking to a specialist.
Feeling of pressure or fullness
A sensation of something bulging or falling out of the vagina.
Urinary problems
Incontinence, difficulty starting urination, or feeling of incomplete emptying.
Bowel issues
Constipation, difficulty with bowel movements, or needing to splint to complete a bowel movement.
Lower back pain
Aching or pressure in the lower back that worsens throughout the day.
1,200+ AAGL member surgeons list pelvic organ prolapse as a focus area
These surgeons have identified pelvic organ prolapse as an area of focus in their own listing. AAGL does not verify this information. Inclusion is not an endorsement.
How is pelvic organ prolapse treated?
Treatment depends on your symptoms, severity, and goals. Here are the most common approaches, with an emphasis on minimally invasive options.
Pelvic floor therapy
Strengthening exercises (Kegels) and specialized physical therapy.
Pessary
A removable device inserted into the vagina to support the pelvic organs.
Minimally invasive surgical repair
Laparoscopic or robotic surgery to restore pelvic organ support.
When to seek care urgently
This page is for education, not diagnosis. Some symptoms need prompt medical attention. Seek urgent care or call your local emergency number if you experience:
- Severe or sudden pelvic or abdominal pain
- Heavy vaginal bleeding that soaks through a pad or tampon every hour for two or more hours
- Fever with pelvic pain
- Fainting, dizziness, or a racing heart
- Bleeding during pregnancy, or severe pain during pregnancy
- Inability to urinate, or tissue that becomes painful, discolored, or won't reduce, needs prompt medical care.
Frequently asked about pelvic organ prolapse
Is pelvic organ prolapse common?
Yes. About half of women over 50 have some degree of prolapse, though many have mild cases that do not require treatment.
Can prolapse be treated without surgery?
Yes. Pelvic floor therapy and pessaries are effective non-surgical options for many women. Surgery is typically reserved for more severe cases or when other treatments have not provided relief.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is provided by Gynawareness, an educational initiative of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL), for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as, and should not be used as, a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
Every patient is unique. Treatment options, risks, benefits, and outcomes depend on individual medical history, current health status, and clinical findings that can only be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment.
Do not delay seeking medical care, disregard professional medical advice, or stop a prescribed treatment because of information you have read on this site. If you believe you have a medical emergency, call your physician or 911 immediately.
Gynawareness and the AAGL do not endorse any specific test, product, procedure, opinion, surgeon, or other information that may be mentioned on this site.