Understanding PCOS
This information is for general education only and is not medical advice. It cannot replace a diagnosis or treatment plan from a qualified healthcare provider who knows your history. Always talk with your own doctor about your symptoms and options.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. It affects how the ovaries work and can cause irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries.
PCOS is one of the most common causes of female infertility, but with proper management, most women with PCOS can conceive and lead healthy lives.
Do I have PCOS?
These conditions are often complex to diagnose and can look different in every patient. If several of these feel familiar, it's worth talking to a specialist.
Irregular periods
Infrequent, irregular, or prolonged menstrual cycles.
Excess hair growth
Increased hair growth on the face, chest, or back (hirsutism).
Acne and oily skin
Persistent acne or oily skin due to elevated androgen levels.
Weight gain
Difficulty managing weight, particularly around the midsection.
Difficulty getting pregnant
Irregular ovulation can make conception challenging.
1,500+ AAGL member surgeons list PCOS as a focus area
These surgeons have identified PCOS as an area of focus in their own listing. AAGL does not verify this information. Inclusion is not an endorsement.
How is PCOS treated?
Treatment depends on your symptoms, severity, and goals. Here are the most common approaches, with an emphasis on minimally invasive options.
Lifestyle modification
Weight management, regular exercise, and a balanced diet can significantly improve symptoms and restore ovulation in many women.
Hormonal contraceptives
Birth control pills regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels, and improve acne and excess hair growth.
Metformin
Originally developed for diabetes, metformin improves insulin sensitivity and can restore ovulation in some women with PCOS.
Ovulation induction
Letrozole or clomiphene citrate are first-line medical options for women trying to conceive.
Laparoscopic ovarian drilling (second-line)
A surgical procedure that may be considered as a second-line option for ovulation induction in select women who have not responded to first-line medical therapies. It is used relatively rarely today, given the success of newer medical treatments. It carries surgical risks and a small risk of reducing ovarian reserve. Decisions should be made in consultation with a reproductive endocrinologist or gynecologic surgeon experienced in the procedure. (International PCOS Guideline, 2023.)
When to seek care urgently
This page is for education, not diagnosis. Some symptoms need prompt medical attention. Seek urgent care or call your local emergency number if you experience:
- Severe or sudden pelvic or abdominal pain
- Heavy vaginal bleeding that soaks through a pad or tampon every hour for two or more hours
- Fever with pelvic pain
- Fainting, dizziness, or a racing heart
- Bleeding during pregnancy, or severe pain during pregnancy
Frequently asked about PCOS
Is PCOS a lifelong condition?
PCOS is a chronic condition, but symptoms can be effectively managed with the right treatment plan. Many women see significant improvement with lifestyle changes and medical management.
Can I get pregnant with PCOS?
Yes. PCOS is a treatable cause of infertility. With appropriate medical support, most women with PCOS can conceive.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information on this page is provided by Gynawareness, an educational initiative of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL), for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as, and should not be used as, a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
Every patient is unique. Treatment options, risks, benefits, and outcomes depend on individual medical history, current health status, and clinical findings that can only be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment.
Do not delay seeking medical care, disregard professional medical advice, or stop a prescribed treatment because of information you have read on this site. If you believe you have a medical emergency, call your physician or 911 immediately.
Gynawareness and the AAGL do not endorse any specific test, product, procedure, opinion, surgeon, or other information that may be mentioned on this site.